Introduction

The main valuable agricultural indicators of the variety on a par with quality indicators of fruits, are important parametric indicators of the crown, the yield and productivity of trees, in accordance with the parameters of optimal landing schemes, agrecultural yield and economic efficiency of selected combinations variety-grafting.

Analysis of data, submitted by various researchers show that from the geographical conditions of cultivation, economic indicators are also change. In mountainous conditions, many indicators of the production economy, surpasses the indicators of production in the lowland zone. In their opinion, this is facilitated to relatively lower costs in the applied agrotechnical (combating of pests and diseases, lack of irrigation, etc.) activities. At the same time, trees, entering the fruiting period earlier, contribute to a rapid return on costs [1, 4, 8]. On the economy of fruit production also influence varietal features. Determined that cultivation of the variety of Renet Simirenko in the foothill zone, significantly exceed those in the mountainous and lowland zone, both in the quality of the fruit and on the profitability of production. This is facilitated to high relative humidity of air in the highlands, also low air humidity of air and high temperature in the lowland zone. And vice versa, in the varieties of  Leskensk  fruits is better quality and  the profitability is high both in the foothill and in the lowland zone [10]. It is necessary to proceed from a unique feature of the variety, strictly adhere to the agrotechnical requirements of the variety. Here, the height and other conditions of grafting is main factors [13,14,15,16]. Mulching, applying of herbicides, fertilizers and other factors is effecting to the agriculture and economic indicators at apple varieties [11,12,18,19]. The same, the results are obtained in other republics. In Belarus at the right agrotechnical care, in apple trees, the profitability of production  increases depending at the variety in the range of 218.0-480.7% and 218.7-264.1% [7,8]. As reportes by  Dogeyev  Kh. D, the main condition for the successful cultivation of fruit crops in Dagestan is selection of varieties for the specific environmental conditions of the area. In his experiments, the average profitability of apple varieties was 41.2%, of varietes Aidared is 77.3%;  in varieties of cherry-plum averaged 96.3%, in the variety of  Pearl 117.5%, in the variety of Abundant 180.8%;in the plum is average of 84.6%, in the variets of Hungarian 86.7%; in the varieties of cherry  of  Dagestanka and Riddle  average 141.9% [3]

In the literature, seen materials concerning influence of the grafting to the agricultural indicators of the variety – graft [2,5,6,10]. Proceeding from this, some researchers recommends during established gardens  use  low-growth grafting and high-harvest varieties for suppression of growth and increase harvest.  This increases the profitability of production [5].

Our research is aimed, to study the impact of combinations variety-grafting to the agricultural and economic indicators of the apple tree.

Results and Discussion

The analysis of the obtained data showed a significant difference between the orchards, depending on the grafting(table 1). Thus, the area of the projection of the crowns, the necessary indicator for determining the coefficient of productivity of the crowns, more in varieties grafted on the generative rootstock (11.3 m²) and relatively less in varieties grafted on clonal grafting M9 (2.43 m²) and MM106 (7.96 m²). Table1

Table 1: Morphometric and agricultural indicators of different combinations  varieties- grafting  of apple. 

Areas of   plant nutrition, depending at the grafting distinctive. Accordingly, the number of trees in varieties on clonal grafting more, than on the generative rootstocks.

This significantly affects to the agricultural harvest, where the varieties on the clone grafting M9 gives significantly more harvest (598.92 c / ha) than on the generative rootstock (247.87 c / ha) and on the other cloned grafting MM106 (352.56 kg/ ha).

High indicators of economic harvest contribute to increased economic efficiency of the agriculture(tаble 2).

Calculation of the economic efficiency of combinations various- grafting of apple tree, shown that the production expenses in apple orchards on generative rootstock are relatively lower (3019.69 AZN.) than on the varieties of MM106 (4493.83 AZN.) and M9 (5997.31 AZN.).

However, high and high quality harvest of varieties on clonal grafting helps to increase net income and, together with them, profitability of production. So, if the profitability of the agriculture in the gardens on the generative rootstock is 100.06%, this indicator in apple orchards on clonal grafting is much higher and is 147.54% on MM106 and 381.14% on M9.

Тable 2: Economic efficiency of combinations varieties –  grafting of apple.

Conclusions

Apple varieties grafted on clonal rootstocks, in comparison with strongly grown generative rootstocks, have a relatively smaller growth, but a higher coefficient of productivity.

Smaller morphometric indicators of varieties on clonal grafting, helps increase the number of trees in hectare and thereby increase the agricultural productivity. Respectively, increases  production expenses.

The highest productivity of the agricultural harvest  and profitability are different at the varieties of  clone grafting M9.

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