eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 0973-1245 2026-06-23 23 2 59156 article Kashish Anand Puri 1 Kishor Vasant Otari 1 Ajay Yashavant Kale 1 Department of Pharmacology, Navsahyadri Institute of Pharmacy, Pune, India The nephrotoxic potential of vasicine is thoroughly assessed in this study, with a focus on its dose-dependent behaviour and the mechanistic involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. Preclinical research, mechanistic signalling models, metabolite-driven toxicity theories, epigenetic regulation, and comparisons with synthetic NF-κB inhibitors are all combined to provide evidence. The review includes evidence from animal studies, mechanistic investigations, and in vitro experimental models evaluating the renal effects of vasicine under different exposure conditions. Most preclinical studies demonstrated renoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects at therapeutic doses, whereas isolated findings from prolonged or high-dose exposure models suggested potential oxidative stress, inflammatory activation, and renal cellular injury. The available evidence highlights the need for comprehensive pharmacokinetic, metabolomic, and long-term pharmacovigilance studies to establish the renal safety profile of vasicine. Additionally, deficiencies in pharmacovigilance, clinical evidence, and regulatory supervision are emphasised. The review highlights future research goals required for the safe clinical translation of vasicine and suggests a conceptual framework that distinguishes between protective and harmful renal responses to the drug. Because of its bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, Vasicine a quinazoline alkaloid mostly derived from Justicia adhatoda has long been used in traditional medicine. Although a great deal of study has demonstrated its medicinal potential, new experimental findings indicate that bioactive alkaloids may be hazardous to certain organs under specific exposure circumstances. The kidney is especially susceptible to damage from phytochemicals as it is the main organ involved in drug processing and excretion. https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol23no2/vasicine-and-renal-safety-current-evidence-mechanistic-insights-and-future-perspectives/ Dose-dependent toxicity; Herbal alkaloids; MAPK signaling; Nephrotoxicity; NF-κB pathway; Pharmacovigilance; Renal inflammation; Vasicine