eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 0973-1245 2026-03-30 23 1 254 263 10.13005/bbra/3495 58595 article Zareena Begum Shaik 1 Harikiran Lingabathula 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Princeton College of Pharmacy, Telangana, India. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Princeton College of Pharmacy, Telangana, India Silver nanorods are widely employed in a variety of commercial, industrial, and biological applications. Although silver nanorods have several uses, nothing is known about their toxicity. This research aimed to evaluate the laboratory-based harmful effects of silver nanorods measuring 10 nm and 25 nm following exposure to human lung A549 cell lines. The cell viability was tested using tetrazolium assay and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays . The oxidative stress induction markers such as, lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels and caspase-3 levels were estimated. And the inflammatory mediator interleukin-8 was estimated using biochemical assay kit. Cells exposed to silver nanorods displayed reduced cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, indicating cytotoxicity. Additionally, exposure to silver nanorods causes elevated levels of the inflammatory mediator interleukin-8, decreased levels of glutathione, and increased levels of lipid peroxidation and caspase-3, which indicate oxidative stress. When compared to 25 nm silver nanorods and quartz, a recognized toxicant, the 10 nm silver nanorods showed higher toxicity towards all metabolic parameters.  Finally, our results suggesting that the toxicity of silver nanorods was dependent on their concentration and size. https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol23no1/silver-nanorods-induced-cytotoxicity-oxidative-stress-and-inflammation-in-human-a549-lung-cells/ Caspase-3; Interleukin-8; In vitro toxicity; Nanorods; Silver nanoparticles