eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 0973-1245 2025-12-30 22 4 1294 1310 10.13005/bbra/3442 56944 article Bhavani Boddeda 1 Balakoti Erothi 2 Swathi Putta 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India Department of Pharmacology, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India Department of Pharmacology, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Visakhapatnam, India Yogvahi Industries, Vizianagaram, India Nanofabrication has emerged as a transformative discipline, providing precise control over materials at atomic and molecular scales, which has resulted in substantial advancements across various industries. This review examines the fundamental principles, key techniques, and applications of nanofabrication, emphasizing top-down techniques (such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, and focused ion beam milling) and bottom-up methods (such as molecular self-assembly, chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition). The influence of nanofabrication is particularly notable in sectors such as semiconductor technology, biomedical applications, energy storage solutions, environmental remediation, aerospace engineering, and quantum computing. Despite these remarkable achievements, challenges remain, including high fabrication costs, scalability limitations, and environmental implications. Future research initiatives are anticipated to concentrate on sustainable nanomanufacturing practices, artificial intelligence-driven process optimization, and  integration of nanotechnology with emerging fields as quantum computing and biomedicine. With ongoing innovations, nanofabrication is poised to revolutionize next-generation materials and technologies, thereby driving significant scientific and industrial advancements in the twenty-first century. Word 97-2003 https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol22no4/nanofabrication-advances-applications-and-future-prospects-in-emerging-technologies/ Biomedical; Bottom -Up; Nanofabrication; Top-Down;