eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 0973-1245 2024-07-01 21 1 475 490 10.13005/bbra/3240 51632 article Yuvashree Chandrasekaran 1 Jagadeeswari S 2 Balakumaran Manickam Dakshinamoorthi 1 Rushika Sri D 1 Kiran Sharma B 1 Department of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Microbiology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Collagen is a fibrous protein commonly found in the bodies of human and other animals. It is referred to be the most abundant protein which comprises 30% of animal’s overall protein. It is broadly used in diverse applications such as food, pharmaceutical, biomaterials, cosmetics, and biomedical industries. Fish waste is one of the cost-effective sources of collagen. The increasing adoption of marine-based and freshwater-based collagen is driven by their distinctive properties, which include advantages over mammalian-based collagen. These advantages encompass the absence of disease transmission risks, freedom from religious restrictions, cost-effective production, biocompatibility, and enhanced absorption within the human biological system. This review provides an overview of recent research regarding the extraction of collagen from marine and freshwater sources, with a specific focus on fish by-products. It encompasses subjects including the primary sources of fish collagen, pretreatment of fish materials, extraction techniques, collagen characterization, and its wide-ranging applications. More particularly, the study focuses at the procedures used to extract fish collagen, with an emphasis on isolating acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC). Likewise, the fish derived collagen’s application in biomedical engineering such as drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, therapeutic applications and cosmetic industry is summarized. https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol21no2/scaling-new-depths-innovations-in-fish-collagen-extraction-and-biomedical-frontiers-explored/ biomedical applications; collagen; characterization; extraction techniques; Fish waste