eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 0973-1245 2016-12-22 13 4 2147 2154 10.13005/bbra/2377 16562 article Alieh Farshbaf 1 Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh 2,3 Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Cc-chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5) is known as a main co-receptor in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. So, it could be a target for inhibition of HIV-1 entry into CD 4⁺ immune cells. Many studies showed homozygote individual with 32bp deletion in CCR5 gene had nature resistance to HIV-1. In this manner, recent treatments are focused on inducing this resistance to HIV-1 infected patients withCCR5. Berlin and Boston patients transplanted with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and demonstrated effective cure for HIV-1 infection. In addition, zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) eliminated some problems of Berlin and Boston patients by site-specific CCR5 gene modification. These recent strategies declined highly-active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) restrictions such as toxicity, low safety, the side effects following long-term consuming and virus reloading immediately after cut the drugs off. In this review, in addition of introductorybiologic and immune-genetic roles of CCR5, we consider novel treatment strategies for HIV-1 infected patient by CCR5gene targeted therapy. https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol13no4/ccr5-as-a-novel-cell-and-gene-therapy-strategies-based-on-induction-of-resistance-to-hiv/ CCR5 HIV-1; hematopoietic stem cell therapy; gene therapy; genemodification; nuclease