Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a monomeric polypeptide with a low molecular weight that its major activity is associated with monocytes. The polypeptide causes the expression of e-selectin and the infiltration of monocytes into the subendothelial space by inducing a lasting impact on monocytes. MCP-1 activity also activates monocytes and the express of tissue factor (TF), superoxide anions and proinflammatory genes. Other roles identified for MCP-1 is the direct impact of polypeptide on restenosis after surgery. This review article is aimed to use the available resources of database in relation to MCP-1 to discuss in detail about the clinical significances, the signaling pathways in which MCP-1 play a role, gene polymorphism and its effects, the role of MCP-1 in vascular disease, particularly the role in the artery reclogging and finally the gene therapy mediated by MCP-1- inhibition on restenosis.