eng Oriental Scientific Publishing Company Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 0973-1245 2014-08-28 11 1 10082 article Fatemeh Rezaei 1 Ahmad Nasser 2 Farid Azizi Jalilian 3 Zack Hobbs 4 Reza Azizian 5 Department of Virology, TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran. Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, USA. Research & Developing Center, Mahan Gene Pajoh (Poyesh),Tehran, Iran. Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan Univeristy of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. Misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals often leads to the development ofmultidrug resistance (MDR)bacteria. Resistance can occur within a few years of novel antibiotics being introduced. Lytic bacteriophage (phage) are a kind of virus that undergo a cyclical lifestyle wherein they infect and replicate through the use of a bacterial host cell and cause cell lysis. Phage recognizes specific receptors on their host cell to attach to,insert their DNA and take over their host’s molecular machinery. These receptors only exist on the surface of specific bacterial host cells and are often not present on other non-specific bacteria and not especially on the surfaces of eukaryotic cells. The mechanisms by which phage can destroy bacteria are different from antibiotics; phage can lyse MDR resistant bacteria without being affected by hydrolytic enzymes or ribosomal variations that’s mean unlike drug resistance mechanism which bacteria can destroy the drug before can inter the bacteria cell, the phage not effected with such enzyme. https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol11no2/using-phage-as-a-highly-specific-antibiotic-alternative-against-methicillin-resistance-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa/ Antibiotics; MRSA; Human and Animals